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There were many controversies and concerns affecting the 2014 Winter Olympics. There were disputes with Circassians, who demanded the events be cancelled or moved unless Russia apologized for the 19th century Circassian genocide,〔(Russian Olympics clouded by 19th century deaths ). Reuters. 21 March 2010〕 environmental and economic issues, lack of political stability and governance, and the safety and human rights of LGBT athletes and journalists, in light of Russia's "gay propaganda" laws, which sparked Olympic-focused protests.〔〔 ==Human rights== On 30 January 2014, nine Amnesty International European directors delivered a petition in Moscow to the offices of Russian President Vladimir Putin calling on him to repeal a series of laws restricting the right to freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and freedom of association in the run up to the 2014 Winter Olympics.〔(Amnesty International directors to deliver global petition to Russian President ahead of Sochi Olympics ) Amnesty International 27 January 2014〕 The organization felt that the laws were no substitute for an effective justice system, and demanded the Russian authorities to release immediately and unconditionally all prisoners of conscience (POCs). The Russian parliament passed an amnesty bill that freed the imprisoned Pussy Riot singers, the foreign activists amongst Greenpeace's "Arctic 30" and the 2012 Bolotnaya Square protest.〔(Russia: Amnesty Law no substitute for effective justice system ) 27 January 2014〕 Human Rights Watch has repeatedly presented the IOC detailed evidence of documented human rights abuses linked to Russia's preparations for the 2014 Winter Games since 2009. Human Rights Watch have documented exploitation of migrant workers in violation of Russian law; evictions of residents without fair compensation and in some cases, with no compensation at all. Many resettled residents lost a portion of their livelihoods; Threats, harassment, and lawsuits of activists and journalists critical of the Games, as well as Russia's discriminatory anti-LGBT propaganda law.〔( The International Olympic Committee Skating on Thin Ice in Sochi ) Human Rights Watch January 29, 2014〕 Not before late 2013 the Russian government and IOC covered $8.34 million in wage arrears.〔(Race to the Bottom Exploitation of Migrant Workers Ahead of Russia's 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi ) Human Rights Watch February 6, 2013〕 Both German president Joachim Gauck and European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship Viviane Reding publicly boycott the Games over human rights abuses, with Reding specifically citing Russia's treatment of minorities.〔 On 21 January 2014 Russian authorities sentenced left activist Vladislav Ryazantsev to 15 days. Ryazantsev is one of leader of the Left Front movement. He has been arrested allegedly for swearing at a bus stop by a late evening. Vladislav Ryazantsev and his fellow activists had planned to hold an action under the slogan of boycott of Sochi Olympics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Two detained opposition members go on hunger strike in Rostov-on-Don )〕 On 5 February 2014 Russian authorities sentenced environmental activist Igor Kharchenko to five days. Kharchenko is member of the Russian NGO (Ecologicheskaya Vakhta po Severnomu Kavkazu). He has been arrested and his car was vandalized. Sergei Nikitin, Amnesty International's Moscow Office Director said: "The Russian authorities must halt their harassment of civil society activists, protect the right to peaceful freedom of expression, and release the Sochi prisoners of conscience: Igor Kharchenko and his fellow environmentalist Yevgeny Vitishko, who is currently serving 15 days in administrative detention on trumped-up charges."〔(Sochi Olympics countdown sees Russia jailing second prisoner of conscience this week ) 5 February 2014 Amnesty International〕 Evgeny Vitishko was arrested for 15 days in the Sochi area reportedly charged allegedly for swearing at a bus stop. Yevgeniy Vitishko and his fellow activists have been actively involved in protests regarding the deforestation and illegal construction and fencing in areas of protected forest around Sochi. AI is concerned about his unfair trial resulted in a court decision to send him to prison colony for three years.〔(RUSSIA: Civil society activist arrested ahead of start of Sochi Olympics ) 3 February 2014 Amnesty International〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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